"""Specify and solve finite element eigenproblems."""
from firedrake.assemble import assemble
from firedrake.bcs import DirichletBC
from firedrake.function import Function
from firedrake.functionspace import RestrictedFunctionSpace
from firedrake.ufl_expr import TrialFunction, TestFunction
from firedrake import utils
from firedrake.petsc import OptionsManager, flatten_parameters
from firedrake.exceptions import ConvergenceError
from ufl import replace, inner, dx
try:
from slepc4py import SLEPc
except ImportError:
SLEPc = None
__all__ = ["LinearEigenproblem",
"LinearEigensolver"]
[docs]
class LinearEigenproblem():
"""Generalised linear eigenvalue problem.
The problem has the form, find `u`, `λ` such that::
A(u, v) = λM(u, v) ∀ v ∈ V
Parameters
----------
A : ufl.Form
The bilinear form A(u, v).
M : ufl.Form
The mass form M(u, v), defaults to inner(u, v) * dx.
bcs : DirichletBC or list of DirichletBC
The boundary conditions.
bc_shift: float
The value to shift the boundary condition eigenvalues by. This value
will be ignored if restrict==True.
restrict: bool
If True, replace the function spaces of u and v with their restricted
version. The output space remains unchanged.
Notes
-----
If restrict==True, the arguments of A and M will be replaced, such that
their function space is replaced by the equivalent RestrictedFunctionSpace
class. This avoids the computation of eigenvalues associated with the
Dirichlet boundary conditions. This in turn prevents convergence failures,
and allows only the non-boundary eigenvalues to be returned. The
eigenvectors will be in the original, non-restricted space.
If restrict==False and Dirichlet boundary conditions are supplied, then
these conditions will result in the eigenproblem having a nullspace spanned
by the basis functions with support on the boundary. To facilitate
solution, this is shifted by the specified amount. It is the user's
responsibility to ensure that the shift is not close to an actual
eigenvalue of the system.
"""
def __init__(self, A, M=None, bcs=None, bc_shift=0.0, restrict=True):
if not SLEPc:
raise ImportError(
"Unable to import SLEPc, eigenvalue computation not possible "
"(try firedrake-update --slepc)"
)
args = A.arguments()
v, u = args
self.output_space = u.function_space()
self.bc_shift = bc_shift
self.restrict = restrict
if not M:
M = inner(u, v) * dx
if restrict and bcs: # assumed u and v are in the same space here
V_res = RestrictedFunctionSpace(self.output_space, boundary_set=set([bc.sub_domain for bc in bcs]))
u_res = TrialFunction(V_res)
v_res = TestFunction(V_res)
self.M = replace(M, {u: u_res, v: v_res})
self.A = replace(A, {u: u_res, v: v_res})
self.bcs = [DirichletBC(V_res, bc.function_arg, bc.sub_domain) for bc in bcs]
self.restricted_space = V_res
else:
self.A = A # LHS
self.M = M
self.bcs = bcs
[docs]
def dirichlet_bcs(self):
"""Return an iterator over the Dirichlet boundary conditions."""
for bc in self.bcs:
yield from bc.dirichlet_bcs()
[docs]
@utils.cached_property
def dm(self):
r"""Return the dm associated with the output space."""
if self.restrict:
return self.restricted_space.dm
else:
return self.output_space.dm
[docs]
class LinearEigensolver(OptionsManager):
r"""Solve a LinearEigenproblem.
Parameters
----------
problem : LinearEigenproblem
The eigenproblem to solve.
n_evals : int
The number of eigenvalues to compute.
options_prefix : str
The options prefix to use for the eigensolver.
solver_parameters : dict
PETSc options for the eigenvalue problem.
ncv : int
Maximum dimension of the subspace to be used by the solver. See
`SLEPc.EPS.setDimensions`.
mpd : int
Maximum dimension allowed for the projected problem. See
`SLEPc.EPS.setDimensions`.
Notes
-----
Users will typically wish to set solver parameters specifying the symmetry
of the eigenproblem and which eigenvalues to search for first.
The former is set using the options available for `EPSSetProblemType
<https://slepc.upv.es/documentation/current/docs/manualpages/EPS/EPSSetProblemType.html>`__.
For example if the bilinear form is symmetric (Hermitian in complex mode),
one would add this entry to `solver_options`::
"eps_gen_hermitian": None
As always when specifying PETSc options, `None` indicates that the option
in question is a flag and hence doesn't take an argument.
The eigenvalues to search for first are specified using the options for
`EPSSetWhichEigenPairs <https://slepc.upv.es/documentation/current/docs/manualpages/EPS/EPSSetWhichEigenpairs.html>`__.
For example, to look for the eigenvalues with largest real part, one
would add this entry to `solver_options`::
"eps_largest_real": None
"""
DEFAULT_EPS_PARAMETERS = {"eps_type": "krylovschur",
"eps_tol": 1e-10,
"eps_target": 0.0}
def __init__(self, problem, n_evals, *, options_prefix=None,
solver_parameters=None, ncv=None, mpd=None):
self.es = SLEPc.EPS().create(comm=problem.dm.comm)
self._problem = problem
self.n_evals = n_evals
self.ncv = ncv
self.mpd = mpd
solver_parameters = flatten_parameters(solver_parameters or {})
for key in self.DEFAULT_EPS_PARAMETERS:
value = self.DEFAULT_EPS_PARAMETERS[key]
solver_parameters.setdefault(key, value)
if self._problem.bcs:
solver_parameters.setdefault("st_type", "sinvert")
super().__init__(solver_parameters, options_prefix)
self.set_from_options(self.es)
[docs]
def check_es_convergence(self):
r"""Check the convergence of the eigenvalue problem."""
r = self.es.getConvergedReason()
try:
reason = SLEPc.EPS.ConvergedReasons[r]
except KeyError:
reason = ("unknown reason (petsc4py enum incomplete?), "
"try with -eps_converged_reason")
if r < 0:
raise ConvergenceError(
r"""Eigenproblem failed to converge after %d iterations.
Reason:
%s""" % (self.es.getIterationNumber(), reason)
)
[docs]
def solve(self):
r"""Solve the eigenproblem.
Returns
-------
int
The number of Eigenvalues found.
"""
self.A_mat = assemble(self._problem.A, bcs=self._problem.bcs).M.handle
self.M_mat = assemble(
self._problem.M, bcs=self._problem.bcs,
weight=self._problem.bc_shift and 1./self._problem.bc_shift
).M.handle
self.es.setDimensions(nev=self.n_evals, ncv=self.ncv, mpd=self.mpd)
self.es.setOperators(self.A_mat, self.M_mat)
with self.inserted_options():
self.es.solve()
nconv = self.es.getConverged()
if nconv == 0:
raise ConvergenceError("Did not converge any eigenvalues.")
return nconv
[docs]
def eigenvalue(self, i):
r"""Return the i-th eigenvalue of the solved problem."""
return self.es.getEigenvalue(i)
[docs]
def eigenfunction(self, i):
r"""Return the i-th eigenfunction of the solved problem.
Returns
-------
(Function, Function)
The real and imaginary parts of the eigenfunction.
"""
if self._problem.restrict:
eigenmodes_real = Function(self._problem.restricted_space)
eigenmodes_imag = Function(self._problem.restricted_space)
else:
eigenmodes_real = Function(self._problem.output_space) # fn of V
eigenmodes_imag = Function(self._problem.output_space)
with eigenmodes_real.dat.vec_wo as vr:
with eigenmodes_imag.dat.vec_wo as vi:
self.es.getEigenvector(i, vr, vi) # gets the i-th eigenvector
if self._problem.restrict:
eigenmodes_real = Function(self._problem.output_space).interpolate(eigenmodes_real)
eigenmodes_imag = Function(self._problem.output_space).interpolate(eigenmodes_imag)
return eigenmodes_real, eigenmodes_imag # returns Firedrake fns
